Can I Write Off Lost, Stolen, & Scammed Crypto on My Taxes?

If your cryptocurrency was lost or stolen, you may be wondering if you can write off your losses on your taxes. 

Unfortunately, there’s no one-size fits all answer to this question. You may or may not be able to write off your crypto losses depending on the specifics of your situation. 

In this guide, we’ll break down whether your cryptocurrency losses can be reported on your tax return — whether your cryptocurrency was lost, stolen, scammed, or rug pulled.

Can I write off my crypto losses for tax purposes? 

Unfortunately, there isn’t a one-size fits all answer on whether you can write off your crypto losses on your tax return. Let’s break down whether or not you can write off your cryptocurrency losses in a few common scenarios: 

Lost cryptocurrency - Not deductible 

Stolen cryptocurrency - Not deductible 

Bankruptcy: Can be claimed as a tax write off (however, you will relinquish the right to claim your crypto in the future) 

Scam crypto projects/NFT mints: Can be claimed as a tax write off (however, you’ll likely need to dispose of your crypto-assets) 

We’ll explain each of these scenarios in more detail below. 

Note - if your cryptocurrency simply went down in price prior to selling it, this is considered a capital loss or an investment loss. This is different from some of the losses we discuss below. For more detailed information, please read our guide on how to deal with capital losses for your cryptocurrency.

Different Crypto Loss Scenarios

In the United States, different tax rules apply to different scenarios. Cryptocurrency losses typically fall under the following classifications — including each one of the scenarios we’ll cover in the article: 

1. Casualty Loss - (ex. Lost Wallet Access, Sent to Wrong Address)
2. Theft Loss - (ex. Exchange/Wallet Hacked, Stolen Coins)‍
3. Investment Loss - (Gray area = ex. ICO Scam, Exchange Shutdown)‍‍
   

Can I write off lost cryptocurrency?

Summary: Lost cryptocurrency is no longer tax deductible after the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act — unless you lost crypto in a federally declared disaster.

‍A casualty loss is damage, destruction, or property loss resulting from one of these identifiable events:

1. Sudden event — swift, rather than gradual or progressive
2. Unexpected event — ordinarily unanticipated and unintended
3. Unusual event — not a day-to-day occurrence

Post 2017, after the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act was passed into law, many forms of casualty losses no longer qualify as a deduction. As seen on the IRS site, the only property that can be claimed as a deductible casualty is property lost due to a federally-declared disaster. 

As a result, negligently losing your cryptocurrency would be considered a non-deductible casualty for tax purposes. 

Examples of casualties where you would not receive a tax break include the following:

• Coins lost from lost access to private keys & wallets
• Coins lost from sending crypto to incorrect addresses
• Other negligent forms of crypto loss
  

In these cases, you cannot claim a capital gain or loss on your cryptocurrency.‍

Can I wrote off stolen cryptocurrency?

Summary: Stolen cryptocurrency is no longer tax deductible after the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act.

Theft is defined as an act of taking and removing of money or property with the intent to deprive the owner of it. For an act to qualify as theft, it must be illegal under the law of the state where it occurred and done with criminal intent.

Common cryptocurrency theft losses include the following:

• Stolen Coins
• Hacked Wallets
• Hacked Exchange Accounts

Similar to casualty losses above, theft losses are no longer deductible on Form 4684 after the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017. If your cryptocurrency was stolen and classifies as a theft loss, it's unlikely that you can write this off. You can read more about the details of these rules in the IRS guidance here.

Reporting your lost crypto as an investment loss is the only approach that allows a tax exemption. As you will read below, it is unclear which crypto loss scenarios qualify for the investment loss status. We recommend consulting a tax professional with a unique situation. Our team is always happy to help refer you to someone.‍

Can I write off investment losses?

Summary: When you dispose of your cryptocurrency at a loss, you can offset capital gains and up to $3,000 of income. 

One scenario where you can write off your cryptocurrency on your taxes is an investment loss. This is when you dispose of your cryptocurrency for a lower price than you originally received it.

These types of capital losses can offset capital gains and up to $3,000 of income for the year. Additional losses can be rolled forward into future tax years. 

In some cases, you can claim an investment loss in scenarios like a rug pull or an exchange bankruptcy. We’ll go into more detail about how you can claim investment losses in these scenarios below.